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Olmo Hybrid: From Theory to Practice and Back

arXiv:2604.03444v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent work has demonstrated the potential of non-transformer language models, especially linear recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and hybrid m

Tutorials

On Optimal Hyperparameters for Differentially Private Deep Transfer Learning

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Human DGX agent

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DGX agent

arXiv:2510.20616v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Differentially private (DP) transfer learning, i.e., fine-tuning a pretrained model on private data, is the current state-of-the-art approach for tr

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

20 Apr 2026

On the Rejection Criterion for Proxy-based Test-time Alignment

arXiv:2604.16146v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent works proposed test-time alignment methods that rely on a small aligned model as a proxy that guides the generation of a larger base (unaligned)

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

One-Shot Cross-Geometry Skill Transfer through Part Decomposition

arXiv:2604.15455v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Given a demonstration, a robot should be able to generalize a skill to any object it encounters-but existing approaches to skill transfer often fail to

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

One-Shot Generative Flows: Existence and Obstructions

arXiv:2604.15439v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study dynamic measure transport for generative modelling in the setting of a stochastic process X_ullet whose marginals interpolate between a sourc

Online Distributionally Robust LLM Alignment via Regression to Relative Reward

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2509.19104v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) has become crucial for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human intent. However, existing

Opportunities and Challenges of Large Language Models for Low-Resource Languages in Humanities Research

arXiv:2412.04497v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Low-resource languages serve as invaluable repositories of human history, embodying cultural evolution and intellectual diversity. Despite the

researcharxiv-cs-ai

Agents

Optimal Solutions for the Moving Target Vehicle Routing Problem via Branch-and-Price with Relaxed Continuity

arXiv:2603.00663v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The Moving Target Vehicle Routing Problem (MT-VRP) seeks trajectories for several agents that intercept a set of moving targets, subject to speed, t

agentsarxiv-cs-ro

Optimizing Korean-Centric LLMs via Token Pruning

arXiv:2604.16235v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents a systematic benchmark of state-of-the-art multilingual large language models (LLMs) adapted via token pruning - a compression techn

Optimizing Stochastic Gradient Push under Broadcast Communications

arXiv:2604.15549v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We consider the problem of minimizing the convergence time for decentralized federated learning (DFL) in wireless networks under broadcast communication

OSCBench: Benchmarking Object State Change in Text-to-Video Generation

arXiv:2603.11698v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Text-to-video (T2V) generation models have made rapid progress in producing visually high-quality and temporally coherent videos. However, exi

Tutorials

OT on the Map: Quantifying Domain Shifts in Geographic Space

arXiv:2604.16220v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In computer vision and machine learning for geographic data, out-of-domain generalization is a pervasive challenge, arising from uneven global data cove

tutorialsarxiv-cs-lg

OXtal: An All-Atom Diffusion Model for Organic Crystal Structure Prediction

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2512.06987v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurately predicting experimentally realizable 3D molecular crystal structures from their 2D chemical graphs is a long-standing open challenge in c

P3T: Prototypical Point-level Prompt Tuning with Enhanced Generalization for 3D Vision-Language Models

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2604.15703v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: With the rise of pre-trained models in the 3D point cloud domain for a wide range of real-world applications, adapting them to downstream tasks has beco

PAWN: Piece Value Analysis with Neural Networks

arXiv:2604.15585v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Predicting the relative value of any given chess piece in a position remains an open challenge, as a piece's contribution depends on its spatial relat

Persona-Assigned Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Like Motivated Reasoning

arXiv:2506.20020v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reasoning in humans is prone to biases due to underlying motivations like identity protection, that undermine rational decision-making and judgment.

Phase Transitions as the Breakdown of Statistical Indistinguishability

arXiv:2604.15773v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce a novel characterization of phase transitions based on hypothesis testing. In our formulation, a phase transition is defined as the break

Photonic AI: A Hybrid Diffractive Holographic Neural System for Passive Optical Real-Time Image Classification

arXiv:2604.15364v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Edge intelligence is constrained by the energy and latency costs of shuttling data through electronic memory hierarchies. Optical systems offer a fund

Agents

{pi}_{0.7}: a Steerable Generalist Robotic Foundation Model with Emergent Capabilities

arXiv:2604.15483v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present a new robotic foundation model, called {pi}_{0.7}, that can enable strong out-of-the-box performance in a wide range of scenarios. {pi}_{0.7}

agentsarxiv-cs-lg

PIIBench: A Unified Multi-Source Benchmark Corpus for Personally Identifiable Information Detection

arXiv:2604.15776v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present PIIBench, a unified benchmark corpus for Personally Identifiable Information (PII) detection in natural language text. Existing resources f

PILOT: A Promptable Interleaved Layout-aware OCR Transformer

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2504.03621v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Classical OCR pipelines decompose document reading into detection, segmentation, and recognition stages, which makes them sensitive to localization

PINNACLE: An Open-Source Computational Framework for Classical and Quantum PINNs

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2604.15645v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present PINNACLE, an open-source computational framework for physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) that integrates modern training strategies, mul

PixDLM: A Dual-Path Multimodal Language Model for UAV Reasoning Segmentation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cv

arXiv:2604.15670v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reasoning segmentation has recently expanded from ground-level scenes to remote-sensing imagery, yet UAV data poses distinct challenges, including obliq

Placing Puzzle Pieces Where They Matter: A Question Augmentation Framework for Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2604.15830v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning has become a powerful approach for enhancing large language model reasoning, but faces a fundamental dilemma: training on easy pr

PLAF: Pixel-wise Language-Aligned Feature Extraction for Efficient 3D Scene Understanding

arXiv:2604.15770v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate open-vocabulary 3D scene understanding requires semantic representations that are both language-aligned and spatially precise at the pixel leve

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

Plateaus, Optima, and Overfitting in Multi-Layer Perceptrons: A Saddle-Saddle-Attractor Scenario

arXiv:2604.02393v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Vanishing gradients and overfitting are central problems in machine learning, yet are typically analyzed in asymptotic regimes that obscure their dy

Polarization by Default: Auditing Recommendation Bias in LLM-Based Content Curation

arXiv:2604.15937v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to curate and rank human-created content, yet the nature and structure of their biases in these

Local Ai

PolarMAE: Efficient Fetal Ultrasound Pre-training via Semantic Screening and Polar-Guided Masking

arXiv:2604.15893v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Intelligent fetal ultrasound (US) interpretation is crucial for prenatal diagnosis, but high annotation costs and operator-induced variance make unsuper

local-aiarxiv-cs-cv

PolicyBank: Evolving Policy Understanding for LLM Agents

arXiv:2604.15505v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents operating under organizational policies must comply with authorization constraints typically specified in natural language. In practice, su

Applications

Polyglot: Multilingual Style Preserving Speech-Driven Facial Animation

arXiv:2604.16108v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Speech-Driven Facial Animation (SDFA) has gained significant attention due to its applications in movies, video games, and virtual reality. However, mos

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

Local Ai

Power to the Clients: Federated Learning in a Dictatorship Setting

arXiv:2510.22149v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for decentralized model training, enabling multiple clients to collaboratively lea

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

Predicting Where Steering Vectors Succeed

arXiv:2604.15557v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Steering vectors work for some concepts and layers but fail for others, and practitioners have no way to predict which setting applies before running

Preference Estimation via Opponent Modeling in Multi-Agent Negotiation

arXiv:2604.15687v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated negotiation in complex, multi-party and multi-issue settings critically depends on accurate opponent modeling. However, conventional numerical

Preregistered Belief Revision Contracts

arXiv:2604.15558v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deliberative multi-agent systems allow agents to exchange messages and revise beliefs over time. While this interaction is meant to improve performance,

Prices, Bids, Values: One ML-Powered Combinatorial Auction to Rule Them All

arXiv:2411.09355v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study the design of iterative combinatorial auctions (ICAs). The main challenge in this domain is that the bundle space grows exponentially

PRIM-cipal components analysis

arXiv:2604.15538v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Supervised No Free Lunch Theorems (NFLTs) are well studied, yet unsupervised NFLTs remain underexplored. For elliptical distributions, we prove that t

Privacy-Preserving LLMs Routing

arXiv:2604.15728v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) routing has emerged as a critical strategy to balance model performance and cost-efficiency by dynamically selecting servic

researcharxiv-cs-ai

PRL-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluating LLMs' Capabilities in Frontier Physics Research

arXiv:2604.15411v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The paradigm of agentic science requires AI systems to conduct robust reasoning and engage in long-horizon, autonomous exploration. However, current s

Local Ai

Prompt-Driven Code Summarization: A Systematic Literature Review

arXiv:2604.15385v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Software documentation is essential for program comprehension, developer onboarding, code review, and long-term maintenance. Yet producing quality doc

local-aiarxiv-cs-lg

Proper Body Landmark Subset Enables More Accurate and 5X Faster Recognition of Isolated Signs in LIBRAS

arXiv:2510.24887v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This paper examines the feasibility of utilizing lightweight body landmark detection for recognizing isolated signs in Brazilian Sign Language (LIBR

researcharxiv-cs-cv

Protecting Language Models Against Unauthorized Distillation through Trace Rewriting

arXiv:2602.15143v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Knowledge distillation is a widely adopted technique for transferring capabilities from LLMs to smaller, more efficient student models. However, una

researcharxiv-cs-ai

Applications

ProtoTTA: Prototype-Guided Test-Time Adaptation

arXiv:2604.15494v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep networks that rely on prototypes-interpretable representations that can be related to the model input-have gained significant attention for balan

applicationsarxiv-cs-cv

Prototype-Grounded Concept Models for Verifiable Concept Alignment

arXiv:2604.16076v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) aim to improve interpretability in Deep Learning by structuring predictions through human-understandable concepts, bu

Pruning Unsafe Tickets: A Resource-Efficient Framework for Safer and More Robust LLMs

arXiv:2604.15780v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine learning models are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, but even aligned models such as Mistral and LLaVA still exhibit unsafe b

Puppets or partners? Governing cyborg propaganda in the digital public square

arXiv:2602.13088v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The distinction between genuine grassroots activism and automated influence operations is collapsing. While contemporary policy debates priori

Hardware

PyLO: Towards Accessible Learned Optimizers in PyTorch

arXiv:2506.10315v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Learned optimizers have been an active research topic over the past decade, with increasing progress toward practical, general-purpose optimizers th

hardwarearxiv-cs-lg

Python library supporting Discrete Variational Formulations and training solutions with Collocation-based Robust Variational Physics Informed Neural Networks (DVF-CRVPINN)

arXiv:2604.15398v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We explore the possibility of solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) using discrete weak formulations. We propose a programming environment for d

QuantSightBench: Evaluating LLM Quantitative Forecasting with Prediction Intervals

arXiv:2604.15859v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Forecasting has become a natural benchmark for reasoning under uncertainty. Yet existing evaluations of large language models remain limited to judgme