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arXiv:2604.16845v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) tuned for safety often avoid acknowledging demographic differences, even when such acknowledgment is factually correct (e.g

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Debate as Reward: A Multi-Agent Reward System for Scientific Ideation via RL Post-Training

DGX agent

arXiv:2604.16723v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in automating scientific ideation, yet current approaches relying on iterative prompting or c

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

21 Apr 2026

Decoding AI Tutor Effects for Educational Measurement: Temporal, Multi-Outcome, and Behavior-Cognitive Analysis

arXiv:2604.16366v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) tutors have become increasingly popular in learning environments. In this study, we propose an AI agent prototype framewo

Decoupling the Effect of Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: A Human Label Variation Perspective

arXiv:2601.03154v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reasoning-tuned LLMs utilizing long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) excel at single-answer tasks, yet their ability to model Human Label Variation--which req

DeepThinkVLA: Enhancing Reasoning Capability of Vision-Language-Action Models

arXiv:2511.15669v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Does Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning genuinely improve Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, or does it merely add overhead? Existing CoT-VLA system

Demystifying the unreasonable effectiveness of online alignment methods

arXiv:2604.17207v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Iterative alignment methods based on purely greedy updates are remarkably effective in practice, yet existing theoretical guarantees of (O(log T)) KL-

DFedReweighting: A Unified Framework for Objective-Oriented Reweighting in Decentralized Federated Learning

arXiv:2512.12022v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Decentralized federated learning (DFL) has emerged as a promising paradigm that enables multiple clients to collaboratively train machine learning m

Diagnosing LLM-based Rerankers in Cold-Start Recommender Systems: Coverage, Exposure and Practical Mitigations

arXiv:2604.16318v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) and cross-encoder rerankers have gained attention for improving recommender systems, particularly in cold-start scenarios

DiffCoT: Diffusion-styled Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in LLMs

arXiv:2601.03559v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning improves multi-step mathematical problem solving in large language models but remains vulnerable to exposure bias a

Differential Privacy in Two-Layer Networks: How DP-SGD Harms Fairness and Robustness

arXiv:2603.04881v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Differentially private learning is essential for training models on sensitive data, but empirical studies consistently show that it can degrade perf

Distributional Off-Policy Evaluation with Deep Quantile Process Regression

arXiv:2604.18143v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper investigates the off-policy evaluation (OPE) problem from a distributional perspective. Rather than focusing solely on the expectation of t

Diverse Dictionary Learning

arXiv:2604.17568v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Given only observational data X = g(Z), where both the latent variables Z and the generating process g are unknown, recovering Z is ill-posed without ad

DMax: Aggressive Parallel Decoding for dLLMs

arXiv:2604.08302v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present DMax, a new paradigm for efficient diffusion language models (dLLMs). It mitigates error accumulation in parallel decoding, enabling aggr

Do LLMs Use Cultural Knowledge Without Being Told? A Multilingual Evaluation of Implicit Pragmatic Adaptation

arXiv:2604.17718v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many benchmarks show that large language models can answer direct questions about culture. We study a different question: do they also change how they s

Does 'Do Differentiable Simulators Give Better Policy Gradients?'' Give Better Policy Gradients?

arXiv:2604.18161v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In policy gradient reinforcement learning, access to a differentiable model enables 1st-order gradient estimation that accelerates learning compared to

Does Welsh media need a review? Detecting bias in Nation.Cymru's political reporting

arXiv:2604.17628v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Wales' political landscape has been marked by growing accusations of bias in Welsh media. This paper takes the first computational step toward testing t

DOSE: Data Selection for Multi-Modal LLMs via Off-the-Shelf Models

arXiv:2604.16979v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: High-quality and diverse multimodal data are essential for improving vision-language models (VLMs), yet existing datasets often contain noisy, redunda

DR-SAC: Distributionally Robust Soft Actor-Critic for Reinforcement Learning under Uncertainty

arXiv:2506.12622v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success, yet its deployment in real-world scenarios is often limited by vulnerability to en

DreamShot: Personalized Storyboard Synthesis with Video Diffusion Prior

arXiv:2604.17195v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Storyboard synthesis plays a crucial role in visual storytelling, aiming to generate coherent shot sequences that visually narrate cinematic events with

Dynamic Emotion and Personality Profiling for Multimodal Deception Detection

arXiv:2604.17037v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deception detection is of great significance for ensuring information security and conducting public opinion analysis, with personality factors and emot

Dynamic Visual-semantic Alignment for Zero-shot Learning with Ambiguous Labels

arXiv:2604.17710v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to recognize unseen classes without visual instances. However, existing methods usually assume clean labels, overlooking r

DynaWeb: Model-Based Reinforcement Learning of Web Agents

arXiv:2601.22149v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The development of autonomous web agents, powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) and reinforcement learning (RL), represents a significant step tow

Efficient Federated RLHF via Zeroth-Order Policy Optimization

arXiv:2604.17747v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper considers reinforcement learning from human feedback in a federated learning setting with resource-constrained agents, such as edge devices.

Empowering Multi-Turn Tool-Integrated Agentic Reasoning with Group Turn Policy Optimization

arXiv:2511.14846v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Training Large Language Models (LLMs) for multi-turn Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) - where models iteratively reason, generate code, and ver

End-to-End Optimization of LLM-Driven Multi-Agent Search Systems via Heterogeneous-Group-Based Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2506.02718v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are versatile, yet their deployment in complex real-world settings is limited by static knowledge cutoffs and the diffi

EVE: Verifiable Self-Evolution of MLLMs via Executable Visual Transformations

arXiv:2604.18320v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Self-evolution of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remains a critical challenge: pseudo-label-based methods suffer from progressive quality degr

Evidence-Augmented Policy Optimization with Reward Co-Evolution for Long-Context Reasoning

arXiv:2601.10306v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While Reinforcement Learning (RL) has advanced LLM reasoning, applying it to long-context scenarios is hindered by sparsity of outcome rewards

Evolutionary Negative Module Pruning for Better LoRA Merging

arXiv:2604.17753v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Merging multiple Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) experts into a single backbone is a promising approach for efficient multi-task deployment. While existing

Explanation Bias is a Product: Revealing the Hidden Lexical and Position Preferences in Post-Hoc Feature Attribution

arXiv:2512.11108v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Good quality explanations strengthen the understanding of language models and data. Feature attribution methods, such as Integrated Gradient, are a

FairLogue: Evaluating Intersectional Fairness across Clinical Machine Learning Use Cases using the All of Us Research Program

arXiv:2604.16450v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Intersectional biases in healthcare data can produce compound disparities in clinical machine learning models, yet most fairness evaluations assess de

Fairness Constraints in High-Dimensional Generalized Linear Models

arXiv:2604.16610v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine learning models often inherit biases from historical data, raising critical concerns about fairness and accountability. Conventional fairness

FairNVT: Improving Fairness via Noise Injection in Vision Transformers

arXiv:2604.16780v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents FairNVT, a lightweight debiasing framework for pretrained transformer-based encoders that improves both representation and predictio

'Faithful to What?' On the Limits of Fidelity-Based Explanations

arXiv:2506.12176v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In explainable AI, surrogate models are commonly evaluated by their fidelity to a neural network's predictions. Fidelity, however, measures alignmen

Fisher Decorator: Refining Flow Policy via A Local Transport Map

arXiv:2604.17919v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in flow-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) have achieved strong performance by parameterizing policies via flow matching. However

Foundation Model for Cardiac Time Series via Masked Latent Attention

arXiv:2603.26475v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are among the most widely available clinical signals and play a central role in cardiovascular diagnosis. While recent fou

Function Words as Statistical Cues for Language Learning

arXiv:2601.21191v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: What statistical properties might support learning abstract grammatical knowledge from linear input? We address this question by examining the stati

Generative Semantic Communication via Alternating Dual-Domain Posterior Sampling

arXiv:2604.16796v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generative semantic communication (SemCom) harnesses pretrained generative priors to improve the perceptual quality of wireless image transmission. Exis

Geometric Stability: The Missing Axis of Representations

arXiv:2601.09173v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Representational similarity analysis and related methods have become standard tools for comparing the internal geometries of neural networks a

GeometryZero: Advancing Geometry Solving via Group Contrastive Policy Optimization

arXiv:2506.07160v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has boosted mathematical reasoning, yet geometry remains challenging where auxiliary construction is

GS-STVSR: Ultra-Efficient Continuous Spatio-Temporal Video Super-Resolution via 2D Gaussian Splatting

arXiv:2604.18047v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continuous Spatio-Temporal Video Super-Resolution (C-STVSR) aims to simultaneously enhance the spatial resolution and frame rate of videos by arbitrary

HEALing Entropy Collapse: Enhancing Exploration in Few-Shot RLVR via Hybrid-Domain Entropy Dynamics Alignment

arXiv:2604.17928v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward (RLVR) has proven effective for training reasoning-oriented large language models, but existing methods la

High-Resolution Visual Reasoning via Multi-Turn Grounding-Based Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2507.05920v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: State-of-the-art large multi-modal models (LMMs) face challenges when processing high-resolution images, as these inputs are converted into enormous

How Language Models Conflate Logical Validity with Plausibility: A Representational Analysis of Content Effects

arXiv:2510.06700v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Both humans and large language models (LLMs) exhibit content effects: biases in which the plausibility of the semantic content of a reasoning proble

Human-Centered Supervision for Sentiment Analysis in Telugu: A Systematic Inquiry Beyond Accuracy

arXiv:2508.01486v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Sentiment analysis for low-resource languages remains challenging in an era where interpretability, human alignment, and fairness are increasingly n

Hybrid Multi-Dimensional MRI Prostate Cancer Detection via Hadamard Network-Based Bias Correction and Residual Networks

arXiv:2604.17107v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is vital for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. While advanced techniques such as Hybrid Multi-dimensional MRI (HM-MRI) h

Hyperbolic Enhanced Representation Learning for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering

arXiv:2604.16959v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Incomplete Multi-View Clustering (IMVC) faces the challenge of learning discriminative representations from fragmentary observations while maintaining

I love the way this is framed. New congressional districts that would disenfranchise almost half of Virginia GOP voters are designed 'to res…

I love the way this is framed. New congressional districts that would disenfranchise almost half of Virginia GOP voters are designed 'to restore fairness in the upcoming elections.' Modern American po

safetyelon-musk--x

IceBreaker for Conversational Agents: Breaking the First-Message Barrier with Personalized Starters

arXiv:2604.18375v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conversational agents, such as ChatGPT and Doubao, have become essential daily assistants for billions of users. To further enhance engagement, these sy