Search: “safety”

TapSampling: Inference-Time Sampling with a Task-Progress-Understanding Verifier for Robotic Manipulation

arXiv:2605.25547v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing embodied control research demonstrates remarkable performance improvements by scaling training data and model size. We instead explore inferenc

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Task-Aligned Self-Supervised Learning for Medical Image Analysis: A Systematic Review and Practical Design Guidelines

DGX agent

arXiv:2605.23995v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for addressing the annotation bottleneck in medical imaging by learning representat

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

26 May 2026

The Behavioral Credibility Trilemma: When Calibrated Autonomy Becomes Impossible

arXiv:2605.25739v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We prove that no reinforcement learning policy with confidence-gated autonomy can simultaneously achieve maximum helpfulness, optimal calibration, and f

The Concept Allocation Zone: Tracking How Concepts Form Across Transformer Depth

arXiv:2605.24856v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Concept formation in transformer language models is depth-extended, not a single-layer event: concepts emerge gradually across a contiguous region of

The Implicit Bias of Adam and Muon on Smooth Homogeneous Neural Networks

arXiv:2602.16340v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study the implicit bias of momentum-based optimizers on smooth homogeneous models. We show that extit{momentum steepest descent} algorithms like

The Many Faces of On-Policy Distillation: Pitfalls, Mechanisms, and Fixes

arXiv:2605.11182v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) and on-policy self-distillation (OPSD) have emerged as promising post-training methods for large language models, offer

The Path Matters: Learning a Token-Commitment Policy for Diffusion Language Models

arXiv:2605.24697v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diffusion large language models promise faster generation by refining many token positions in parallel, but this parallelism introduces a hidden contr

TopoAlign: Topology-Aware Visual Representation Alignment

arXiv:2605.25541v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Neural networks encode inputs as high-dimensional vectors, known as representations, that capture how models process data by encoding task-relevant st

Toward Reliable Design of LLM-Enabled Agentic Workflows: Optimizing Latency-Reliability-Cost Tradeoffs

arXiv:2605.23929v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern AI systems increasingly rely on workflows composed of multiple interacting agents, some powered by large language models (LLMs) and others by con

Towards Cognitively-Faithful Decision-Making Models to Improve AI Alignment

arXiv:2509.04445v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent AI trends seek to align AI models to learned human-centric objectives, such as personal preferences, utility, or societal values. Using stand

Towards Inclusive Toxic Content Moderation: Addressing Vulnerabilities to Adversarial Attacks in Toxicity Classifiers Tackling LLM-generated Content

arXiv:2509.12672v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The volume of machine-generated content online has grown dramatically due to the widespread use of Large Language Models (LLMs), leading to new chal

Towards Low-Gravity Planetary Exploration using Reinforcement Learning for Walking, Jumping, and In-flight Attitude Control

arXiv:2605.24643v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents reinforcement learning (RL) policies for dynamic quadrupedal locomotion in planetary exploration scenarios. Building on a taskoptimi

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Towards the Connection between Activation Sparsity and Flat Minima

arXiv:2605.25612v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The observation that activation sparsity emerges in MLP blocks of standardly trained Transformers offers an opportunity to drastically reduce computat

Towards Understanding Adam Convergence on Highly Degenerate Polynomials

arXiv:2603.09581v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Adam is a widely used optimization algorithm in deep learning, yet the specific class of objective functions where it exhibits inherent advantages r

Trait-Aware Policy Optimization for Autoregressive Multi-Trait Essay Scoring

arXiv:2605.25731v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-trait essay scoring aims to provide fine-grained evaluation of writing quality across multiple dimensions. However, how to effectively post-train

Trust-Aware Joint Feature-Prediction Discrepancy for Robust Domain Adaptation

arXiv:2605.25119v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Domain adaptation aims to mitigate performance degradation caused by distribution shifts between a labeled source domain and an unlabeled or sparsely

Uncertainty-DTW for Sequences and Visual Tokens

arXiv:2605.25110v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Aligning structured data is a fundamental problem in computer vision and machine learning, underlying tasks such as time series analysis, human action

Unifying Value Alignment and Assignment in Cross-Domain Offline Reinforcement Learning with Heterogeneous Datasets

arXiv:2605.24862v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cross-domain offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn a policy in the target domain with a limited target domain dataset and a source domain da

UniRank: End-to-End Domain-Specific Reranking of Hybrid Text-Image Candidates

arXiv:2603.29897v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reranking is a critical component in many information retrieval pipelines. Despite remarkable progress in text-only settings, multimodal reran

Universal Boosts, Specific Suppressors: Sparse Autoencoder Steering of Medical Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2605.24977v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Medical vision-language models (VLMs) often hallucinate findings when generating chest X-ray reports: they fabricate findings that are not present in

VEN-VL: A Visual Ensemble MoE Framework for Effective and Efficient Multi-Modal Understanding

arXiv:2605.25952v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Despite the remarkable progress achieved by recent efficient methods in accelerating multimodal understanding, they still suffer from noticeable perfo

Vision-Guided Outdoor Flight and Obstacle Evasion via Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.24449v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Although quadcopters boast impressive traversal capabilities enabled by their omnidirectional maneuverability, the need for continuous pilot control i

What Gets Cited: Competitive GEO in AI Answer Engines

arXiv:2605.25517v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI answer engines generate answers from retrieved pages but cite only a few sources. This makes visibility depend not just on ranking, but on being cite

When Does Multi-Agent RL Improve LLM Workflows? Workflow, Scale, and Policy-Sharing Tradeoffs

arXiv:2605.24202v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-agent LLM workflows route inference through specialized roles to lift end-task accuracy, but jointly training those roles with reinforcement learn

When Self-Belief Misleads: Active Label Acquisition for Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards

arXiv:2605.25864v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in reasoning capabilities empowered by Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewar

X-DiffVLA: X-Embodied Diffusion Action Heads for Vision-Language-Action Models

arXiv:2605.25044v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Learning universal policies from cross-embodied data remains a fundamental challenge in robotics. Although Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are pre-t

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XRPO: Pushing the limits of GRPO with Targeted Exploration and Exploitation

arXiv:2510.06672v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning algorithms such as GRPO have driven recent advances in large language model (LLM) reasoning. While scaling the number of roll

4DThinker: Thinking with 4D Imagery for Dynamic Spatial Understanding

arXiv:2605.05997v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Dynamic spatial reasoning from monocular video is essential for bridging visual intelligence and the physical world, yet remains challenging for vis

ALIVE: Awakening LLM Reasoning via Adversarial Learning and Instructive Verbal Evaluation

arXiv:2602.05472v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The quest for expert-level reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) has been hampered by a persistent extit{reward bottleneck}: traditional reinfor

ARMS: Automatic Reward Shaping for Sparse-Reward Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.23562v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sparse rewards are a major bottleneck in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), where simultaneous learning induces non-stationarity and makes rew

Assessing Predictive Models for Fairness Based on Movement Patterns

arXiv:2605.23234v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Assessing the spatial fairness of predictive models involves establishing whether they are statistically penalizing (favoring) individuals associated wi

B-GRTO: Bootstrapped Group Relative Tool Optimization for Referring Segmentation

arXiv:2605.23500v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Segmentation is a fundamental task in computer vision, underpinning pixel-level scene understanding and serving as a cornerstone for applications rangin

Beyond Binary Edits Robust Multimodal Knowledge Editing with Adversarial Subspace Alignment

arXiv:2605.23780v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) need efficient mechanisms to update knowledge without degrading existing capabilities. While intrinsic multimod

Beyond VLM-Based Rewards: Diffusion-Native Latent Reward Modeling

arXiv:2602.11146v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Preference optimization for diffusion and flow-matching models relies on reward functions that are both discriminatively robust and computatio

Bridging AI and Clinical Reasoning: Abductive Explanations for Alignment on Critical Symptoms

arXiv:2602.13985v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated strong potential in clinical diagnostics, often achieving accuracy comparable to or exceeding that of

CapTrack: Multifaceted Evaluation of Forgetting in LLM Post-Training

arXiv:2603.06610v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language model (LLM) post-training enhances latent skills, unlocks value alignment, improves performance, and enables domain adaptation. Unfor

Class-Dependent Hybrid Data Augmentation for Multiclass Migraine Classification under Severe Class Imbalance

arXiv:2605.23453v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We conducted a reproducibility-oriented re-evaluation of prior migraine classification studies, correcting for data leakage and metric bias. We then int

Classical State Preparation for Variational Quantum Algorithms via Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.23138v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) potentially offer a pathway to practical quantum advantage, but their optimization is heavily hindered by barren

ClimateChat-300K: A Multi-Modal Facebook Dataset for Understanding Diverse Perspectives in Climate Communication

arXiv:2605.23326v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present ClimateChat-300K, a large-scale dataset of 299,329 public Facebook posts about climate change collected between May 2020 and May 2024 through

Coloring the Noise: Adversarial Sobolev Alignment for Faithful Image Super Resolution

arXiv:2605.23264v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative priors in Image Super-Resolution (SR) often compromise faithful restoration, we attribute this limitation to a fundamental spectral misalig

Composing People Together: Iterative Pose-Image Generation for Multi-Person Interaction Scenes

arXiv:2605.23178v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite recent progress, text-to-image models still struggle to generate semantically diverse and compositionally accurate multi-person interaction scen

Contrastive Distribution Matching for Amortized Sequential Monte Carlo in Discrete Diffusion

arXiv:2605.23346v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Discrete diffusion models have emerged as powerful frameworks for generating structured categorical data. However, efficiently sampling from reward-tilt

Controlled Personalization in Legacy Media Online Services: A Case Study in News Recommendation

arXiv:2510.09136v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Personalized news recommendations have become a standard feature of large news aggregation services, optimizing user engagement through automa

Convergence Without Understanding: When Language Models Agree on Representations but Disagree on Reasoning

arXiv:2605.23315v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models trained under diverse objectives and architectures have been shown to develop increasingly similar internal representations, an

CoReVAD: A Contextual Reasoning Framework for Training-Free Video Anomaly Detection

arXiv:2605.23116v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Existing Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) methods typically rely on task-specific training, leading to strong domain dependency and high training costs.

Debiased Negative Mining Improves Out-of-distribution Detection with Pre-trained Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2605.23797v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Aiming at identifying unexpected inputs from unknown classes, out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has emerged as a pivotal approach to enhancing the r

Differences in Typological Alignment in Language Models' Treatment of Differential Argument Marking

arXiv:2602.17653v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent work has shown that language models (LMs) trained on synthetic corpora can exhibit typological preferences that resemble cross-linguistic reg

Diffusion and Flow Matching Models for Tabular Data: A Survey

arXiv:2502.17119v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep generative models have made rapid progress in image, text, audio, and video generation, and are increasingly being applied to structured