Search: “safety”

Enhancing Multilingual Counterfactual Generation through Alignment-as-Preference Optimization

arXiv:2605.11632v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Self-generated counterfactual explanations (SCEs) are minimally modified inputs (minimality) generated by large language models (LLMs) that flip their o

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Enhancing Target-Guided Proactive Dialogue Systems via Conversational Scenario Modeling and Intent-Keyword Bridging

DGX agent

arXiv:2605.11964v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A target-guided proactive dialogue system aims to steer conversations proactively toward pre-defined targets, such as designated keywords or specific to

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

13 May 2026

Entropy Polarity in Reinforcement Fine-Tuning: Direction, Asymmetry, and Control

arXiv:2605.11775v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Policy entropy has emerged as a fundamental measure for understanding and controlling exploration in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (R

Epistemic Uncertainty for Test-Time Discovery

arXiv:2605.11328v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated scientific discovery using large language models relies on identifying genuinely novel solutions. Standard reinforcement learning penalizes hi

Events as Triggers for Behavioral Diversity in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.12388v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Effective multi-agent cooperation requires agents to adopt diverse behaviors as task conditions evolve-and to do so at the right moment. Yet, current

EvoNav: Evolutionary Reward Function Design for Robot Navigation with Large Language Models

arXiv:2605.11859v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robot navigation is a crucial task with applications to social robots in dynamic human environments. While Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great p

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Expected Batch Optimal Transport Plans and Consequences for Flow Matching

arXiv:2605.12174v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Solving optimal transport (OT) on random minibatches is a common surrogate for exact OT in large-scale learning. In flow matching (FM), this surrogate i

Fair Conformal Classification via Learning Representation-Based Groups

arXiv:2605.12195v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conformal prediction methods provide statistically rigorous marginal coverage guarantees for machine learning models, but such guarantees fail to accoun

Fed-BAC: Federated Bandit-Guided Additive Clustering in Hierarchical Federated Learning

arXiv:2605.11815v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Hierarchical federated learning (HFL) leverages edge servers for partial aggregation in edge computing. Yet existing FL methods lack mechanisms for join

FedOUI: OUI-Guided Client Weighting for Federated Aggregation

arXiv:2605.11571v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Federated learning usually aggregates client updates using dataset size or gradient-level criteria, while overlooking internal signals about how each cl

FedSurrogate: Backdoor Defense in Federated Learning via Layer Criticality and Surrogate Replacement

arXiv:2605.11122v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Federated Learning remains highly susceptible to backdoor attacks--malicious clients inject targeted behaviours into the global model. Existing defens

Fill the GAP: A Granular Alignment Paradigm for Visual Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models

arXiv:2605.12374v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Visual latent reasoning lets a multimodal large language model (MLLM) create intermediate visual evidence as continuous tokens, avoiding external tools

ForceFlow: Learning to Feel and Act via Contact-Driven Flow Matching

arXiv:2605.11048v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing imitation learning methods enable robots to interact autonomously with the physical environment. However, contact-rich manipulation tasks remai

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

From Generic Correlation to Input-Specific Credit in On-Policy Self Distillation

arXiv:2605.11613v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy self-distillation has emerged as a promising paradigm for post-training language models, in which the model conditions on environment feedback

From Imagined Futures to Executable Actions: Mixture of Latent Actions for Robot Manipulation

arXiv:2605.12167v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Video generation models offer a promising imagination mechanism for robot manipulation by predicting long-horizon future observations, but effectively

From Message-Passing to Linearized Graph Sequence Models

arXiv:2605.12358v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Message-passing based approaches form the default backbone of most learning architectures on graph-structured data. However, the rapid progress of moder

Fused Gromov-Wasserstein Distance with Feature Selection

arXiv:2605.12161v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Fused Gromov-Wasserstein (FGW) distances provide a principled framework for comparing objects by jointly aligning structure and node features. However,

GEAR: Granularity-Adaptive Advantage Reweighting for LLM Agents via Self-Distillation

arXiv:2605.11853v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning has become a widely used post-training approach for LLM agents, where training commonly relies on outcome-level rewards that pr

Generative climate downscaling enables high-resolution compound risk assessment by preserving multivariate dependencies

arXiv:2605.11531v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Physics-based climate projections using general circulation models are essential for assessing future risks, but their coarse resolution limits region

Gradient-Free Noise Optimization for Reward Alignment in Generative Models

arXiv:2605.11347v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Existing reward alignment methods for diffusion and flow models rely on multi-step stochastic trajectories, making them difficult to extend to determi

GRAFT: Graph-Tokenized LLMs for Tool Planning

arXiv:2605.11706v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to complete complex tasks by selecting and coordinating external tools across multiple steps. This re

GRASP: Guided Residual Adapters with Sample-wise Partitioning

arXiv:2512.01675v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Text-to-image flow matching transformers degrade sharply in long-tail settings: tail-class outputs collapse in fidelity and diversity, limiting thei

Hindsight Hint Distillation: Scaffolded Reasoning for SWE Agents from CoT-free Answers

arXiv:2605.11556v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Solving complex long-horizon tasks requires strong planning and reasoning capabilities. Although datasets with explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) rationa

How Does Differential Privacy Affect Social Bias in LLMs? A Systematic Evaluation

arXiv:2605.11195v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) trained on web-scale corpora can memorize sensitive training data, posing significant privacy risks. Differential privacy (

How far can bias go? Tracing bias from pretraining data to alignment

arXiv:2411.19240v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As LLMs are increasingly integrated into user-facing applications, addressing biases that perpetuate societal inequalities is crucial. While much wo

Images in Sentences: Scaling Interleaved Instructions for Unified Visual Generation

arXiv:2605.12305v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While recent advancements in multimodal language models have enabled image generation from expressive multi-image instructions, existing methods struggl

In-Context Multi-Objective Optimization

arXiv:2512.11114v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Balancing competing objectives is omnipresent across disciplines, from drug design to autonomous systems. Multi-objective Bayesian optimization is a

Incentivizing Truthfulness and Collaborative Fairness in Bayesian Learning

arXiv:2605.11889v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Collaborative machine learning involves training high-quality models using datasets from a number of sources. To incentivize sources to share data, exis

Internalizing Curriculum Judgment for LLM Reinforcement Fine-Tuning

arXiv:2605.11235v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In LLM Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (RFT), curriculum learning drives both efficiency and performance. Yet, current methods externalize curriculum judgment

Intrinsic Vicarious Conditioning for Deep Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.12224v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Advancements in reinforcement learning have produced a variety of complex and useful intrinsic driving forces; crucially, these drivers operate under a

Investigating Thinking Behaviours of Reasoning-Based Language Models for Social Bias Mitigation

arXiv:2510.17062v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While reasoning-based large language models excel at complex tasks through an internal, structured thinking process, a concerning phenomenon has eme

Invisible failures in human-AI interactions

arXiv:2603.15423v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: AI systems fail silently far more often than they fail visibly. In an analysis of 100K human-AI interactions from the WildChat dataset, we find that

JACoP: Joint Alignment for Compliant Multi-Agent Prediction

arXiv:2605.11385v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Stochastic Human Trajectory Prediction (HTP) using generative modeling has emerged as a significant area of research. Although state-of-the-art models e

LA-Sign: Looped Transformers with Geometry-aware Alignment for Skeleton-based Sign Language Recognition

arXiv:2603.29057v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Skeleton-based isolated sign language recognition (ISLR) demands fine-grained understanding of articulated motion across multiple spatial scales, fr

LatentRouter: Can We Choose the Right Multimodal Model Before Seeing Its Answer?

arXiv:2605.11301v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have heterogeneous strengths across OCR, chart understanding, spatial reasoning, visual question answering, c

LEAP: Unlocking dLLM Parallelism via Lookahead Early-Convergence Token Detection

arXiv:2605.10980v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion Language Models (dLLMs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in highly parallel processing. The parallel capabilities of ex

Learn to Think: Improving Multimodal Reasoning through Vision-Aware Self-Improvement Training

arXiv:2605.11931v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-training with explicit reasoning traces is common to improve the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, acqui

Learning Adapter Rank via Symmetry Breaking

arXiv:2506.22809v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Low-rank adaptation is effective partly because downstream updates lie in a low-dimensional subspace, but the latent rank coordinates of LoRA

Learning Agentic Policy from Action Guidance

arXiv:2605.12004v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agentic reinforcement learning (RL) for Large Language Models (LLMs) critically depends on the exploration capability of the base policy, as training si

Learning Minimally Rigid Graphs with High Realization Counts

arXiv:2605.12427v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: For minimally rigid graphs, the same edge-length data can admit multiple realizations (up to translations and rotations). Finding graphs with exceptiona

Leveraging Multimodal Large Language Models for All-in-One Image Restoration via a Mixture of Frequency Experts

arXiv:2605.11444v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: All-in-one image restoration seeks to recover clean images from inputs affected by diverse and unknown degradations using a unified framework. Recent me

Logit-Attention Divergence: Mitigating Position Bias in Multi-Image Retrieval via Attention-Guided Calibration

arXiv:2605.11591v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong performance in multi-image cross-modal retrieval, yet suffer from severe position bias, where

LucidFlux: Caption-Free Photo-Realistic Image Restoration via a Large-Scale Diffusion Transformer

arXiv:2509.22414v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Image restoration (IR) aims to recover images degraded by unknown mixtures while preserving semanticsconditions under which discriminative restorers

LucidNFT: LR-Anchored Multi-Reward Preference Optimization for Flow-Based Real-World Super-Resolution

arXiv:2603.05947v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Generative real-world image super-resolution (Real-ISR) can synthesize visually convincing details from severely degraded low-resolution (LR) inputs

MajinBook: An open catalogue of digitally mediated world literature

arXiv:2511.11412v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This data paper introduces MajinBook, an open catalogue designed to facilitate the use of shadow libraries-such as Library Genesis and Z-Library-for

Maximin Robust Bayesian Experimental Design

arXiv:2603.14094v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We address the brittleness of Bayesian experimental design under model misspecification by formulating the problem as a max--min game between

Missing Old Logits in Asynchronous Agentic RL: Semantic Mismatch and Repair Methods for Off-Policy Correction

arXiv:2605.12070v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Asynchronous reinforcement learning improves rollout throughput for large language model agents by decoupling sample generation from policy optimization

MoCam: Unified Novel View Synthesis via Structured Denoising Dynamics

arXiv:2605.12119v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generative novel view synthesis faces a fundamental dilemma: geometric priors provide spatial alignment but become sparse and inaccurate under view chan