Search: “safety”

Beyond Public Access in LLM Pre-Training Data

arXiv:2505.00020v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Using a legally obtained dataset of 34 copyrighted O'Reilly Media books, we apply the DE-COP membership inference attack method to investigate wheth

Causal discovery under mean independence and linearity

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arXiv:2605.04381v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Causal discovery methods such as LiNGAM identify causal structure from observational data by assuming mutually independent disturbances. This assumpti

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

7 May 2026

CHE-TKG: Collaborative Historical Evidence and Evolutionary Dynamics Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning

arXiv:2605.04652v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning aims to predict future events from historical facts. A key challenge lies in jointly capturing two sources of p

Confronting Label Indeterminacy in Automated Bail Decisions

arXiv:2605.04073v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Bail decisions present a fundamental challenge for data-driven decision support systems. When bail is denied, the counterfactual outcome of whether the

Connecting online criminal behavior with machine learning: Using authorship attribution to analyze and link potential online traffickers

arXiv:2605.04080v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This research investigated how online criminal activities can be better understood and connected using data-driven machine learning methods. Many illega

Copula-Based Endogeneity Correction for Doubly Robust Estimation of Treatment Effect

arXiv:2605.03278v2 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Doubly Robust (DR) estimation of treatment effect relies on an untestable assumption that is the absence of unobserved confounding. This assumption is

Counter-Dyna: Data-Efficient RL-Based HVAC Control using Counterfactual Building Models

arXiv:2605.04555v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) offers a promising approach for data-efficient energy management in buildings, combining the strengths of pred

CRAFT: Counterfactual-to-Interactive Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Driving Policies

arXiv:2605.04470v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Open-loop imitation learning has advanced modern autonomous driving policy architectures, but closed-loop deployment remains vulnerable to policy-induce

D-OPSD: On-Policy Self-Distillation for Continuously Tuning Step-Distilled Diffusion Models

arXiv:2605.05204v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The landscape of high-performance image generation models is currently shifting from the inefficient multi-step ones to the efficient few-step counterpa

Data-dependent Exploration for Online Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

arXiv:2605.04477v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Online reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a promising paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs) by continuously c

Decompose to Understand, Fuse to Detect: Frequency-Decoupled Anomaly Detection for Encrypted Network Traffic

arXiv:2605.02970v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Network traffic anomaly detection represents a critical cybersecurity task, yet widespread encryption makes this task increasingly challenging. In res

DFPO: Scaling Value Modeling via Distributional Flow towards Robust and Generalizable LLM Post-Training

arXiv:2602.05890v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Training reinforcement learning (RL) systems in real-world environments remains challenging due to noisy supervision and poor out-of-domain (O

Direct Product Flow Matching: Decoupling Radial and Angular Dynamics for Few-Shot Adaptation

arXiv:2605.05054v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent flow matching (FM) methods improve the few-shot adaptation of vision-language models, by modeling cross-modal alignment as a continuous multi-ste

Discovering Sparse Counterfactual Factors via Latent Adjustment for Survey-based Community Intervention

arXiv:2605.04460v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transportation surveys are widely used to understand travel preferences and adoption barriers, yet most survey-based analyses remain descriptive or pred

Distilling Bayesian Belief States into Language Models for Auditable Negotiation

arXiv:2605.04507v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Negotiation agents must infer what their counterpart values, update those beliefs over dialogue turns, and choose actions under uncertainty. End-to-end

Dream-MPC: Gradient-Based Model Predictive Control with Latent Imagination

arXiv:2605.04568v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: State-of-the-art model-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches either use gradient-free, population-based methods for planning, learned policy netw

Dynamic Hyperparameter Importance for Efficient Multi-Objective Optimization

arXiv:2601.03166v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Choosing a suitable ML model is a complex task that can depend on several objectives, e.g., accuracy, fairness, or energy consumption. In practice,

Efficiency of Parallel and Restart Exploration Strategies in Model Free Stochastic Simulations

arXiv:2503.03565v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We analyze the efficiency of parallelization and restart mechanisms for stochastic simulations in model-free settings, where the underlying sy

Efficient Geometry-Controlled High-Resolution Satellite Image Synthesis

arXiv:2605.04557v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-resolution satellite images are often scarce and costly, especially for remote areas or infrequent events. This shortage hampers the development an

Efficient Model-Based Reinforcement Learning for Robot Control via Online Optimization

arXiv:2510.18518v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present an online model-based reinforcement learning algorithm suitable for controlling complex robotic systems directly in the real world. Unlik

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Efficiently Aligning Language Models with Online Natural Language Feedback

arXiv:2605.04356v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards has been used to elicit impressive performance from language models in many domains. But, broadly benefic

Elicitation Matters: How Prompts and Query Protocols Shape LLM Surrogates under Sparse Observations

arXiv:2605.04764v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models are increasingly used as surrogate models for low-data optimization, but their optimizer-facing prediction and its uncertainty rem

Enhancing the interpretability of spatially variable N2O model predictions with soft sensors during wastewater treatment

arXiv:2605.04082v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Model-based solutions for nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are informed by operational datasets designed to control

EP-GRPO: Entropy-Progress Aligned Group Relative Policy Optimization with Implicit Process Guidance

arXiv:2605.04960v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), particularly Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has advanced LLM reasoning. However, GRPO

Evaluating Semantic Fragility in Text-to-Audio Generation Systems Under Controlled Prompt Perturbations

arXiv:2603.13824v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advances in text-to-audio generation enable models to translate natural-language descriptions into diverse musical output. However, the

Every Step Counts: Step-Level Credit Assignment for Tool-Integrated Text-to-SQL

arXiv:2605.04719v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tool-integrated Text-to-SQL parsing has emerged as a promising paradigm, framing SQL generation as a sequential decision-making process interleaved with

Extending Differential Temporal Difference Methods for Episodic Problems

arXiv:2605.04368v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Differential temporal difference (TD) methods are value-based reinforcement learning algorithms that have been proposed for infinite-horizon problems. T

FairEnc: A Fair Vision-Language Model with Fair Vision and Text Encoders for Glaucoma Detection

arXiv:2605.04882v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated glaucoma detection is critical for preventing irreversible vision loss and reducing the burden on healthcare systems. However, ensuring fairne

Fixed-Length Dense Fingerprint Representation with Alignment and Robust Enhancement

arXiv:2505.03597v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Fixed-length fingerprint representations, which map each fingerprint to a compact and fixed-size feature vector, are computationally efficient and w

FLUID: Continuous-Time Hyperconnected Sparse Transformer for Sink-Free Learning

arXiv:2605.04421v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continuous-time (CT) Transformers improve irregular and long-range modeling over CT-RNNs by exploiting inputs or outputs embeddings with continuous dyna

Globally Solving Unbalanced Optimal Transport and Density Control for Gaussian Distributions

arXiv:2605.04246v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In this article, we study unbalanced optimal transport (UOT) and establish a control-theoretic dynamical extension, which we call the unbalanced densi

Graph-Augmented LLMs for Swiss MP Ideology Prediction

arXiv:2605.04643v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Approximating the ideological position of Members of Parliament (MPs) is a fundamental task in political science, helping researchers understand legisla

Graph-SND: Sparse Aggregation for Behavioral Diversity in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.05020v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: System Neural Diversity (SND) measures behavioral heterogeneity in multi-agent reinforcement learning by averaging pairwise distances over all inom{n}{2

HeterSEED: Semantics-Structure Decoupling for Heterogeneous Graph Learning under Heterophily

arXiv:2605.04594v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many real-world heterogeneous graphs exhibit pronounced heterophily, where connected nodes often have dissimilar labels or play different semantic roles

Hierarchical Support Vector State Partitioning for Distilling Black Box Reinforcement Learning Policies

arXiv:2605.04254v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce State Vector Space Partitioning (SVSP), a novel method to mimic a black box reinforcement learning policy using a set of human-interpretabl

High-Fidelity Single-Image Head Modeling with Industry-Grade Topology

arXiv:2605.04524v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present a single-image head mesh reconstruction framework that addresses the longstanding challenge of simultaneously preserving facial identity and

Hybrid Congestion Classification Framework Using Flow-Guided Attention and Empirical Mode Decomposition

arXiv:2605.04752v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate traffic congestion classification requires models that jointly capture roadway scene context and non-stationary traffic motion, yet most prior

Improving Bias Correction Standards by Quantifying its Effects on Treatment Outcomes

arXiv:2407.14861v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: With the growing access to administrative health databases, retrospective studies have become crucial evidence for medical treatments. Yet, no

Improving Medical VQA through Trajectory-Aware Process Supervision

arXiv:2605.04064v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reasoning capabilities are crucial for reliable medical visual question answering (VQA); however, existing datasets rarely include reasoning explanati

Investigating Trustworthiness of Nonparametric Deep Survival Models for Alzheimer's Disease Progression Analysis

arXiv:2605.04063v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease marked by irreversible decline, making reliable modeling of its progression essenti

Joint Semantic Token Selection and Prompt Optimization for Interpretable Prompt Learning

arXiv:2605.04425v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models such as CLIP achieve strong visual-textual alignment, but often suffer from overfitting and limited interpretability when adapted

Lightweight Cross-Spectral Face Recognition via Contrastive Alignment and Distillation

arXiv:2605.04769v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Heterogeneous Face Recognition (HFR) aims at matching face images captured across different sensing modalities, such as thermal-to-visible or near-infra

LineRides: Line-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Bicycle Robot Stunts

arXiv:2605.05110v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Designing reward functions for agile robotic maneuvers in reinforcement learning remains difficult, and demonstration-based approaches often require ref

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Look Once, Beam Twice: Camera-Primed Real-Time Double-Directional mmWave Beam Management for Vehicular Connectivity

arXiv:2605.05071v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies promise multi-gigabit connectivity for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks, but face challenges in terms of seve

Mechanical Conscience: A Mathematical Framework for Dependability of Machine Intelligenc

arXiv:2605.03847v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Distributed collaborative intelligence (DCI), encompassing edge-to-edge architectures, federated learning, transfer learning, and swarm systems, creates

MedFabric and EtHER: A Data-Centric Framework for Word-Level Fabrication Generation and Detection in Medical LLMs

arXiv:2605.04180v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models exhibit strong reasoning and semantic understanding capabilities but often hallucinate in domains that require expert knowledge, a

MenuNet: A Strategy-Proof Mechanism for Matching Markets

arXiv:2605.03216v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Strategy-proofness is a fundamental desideratum in mechanism design, ensuring truthful reporting and robust participation. Stability is another centra

Model Releases

MOSAIC-Bench: Measuring Compositional Vulnerability Induction in Coding Agents

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

arXiv:2605.03952v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Coding agents often pass per-prompt safety review yet ship exploitable code when their tasks are decomposed into routine engineering tickets. The chal