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The Download: metric weaknesses and AI elephant warnings

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology. The inevitable weakness of metrics There are plenty of useful

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The Remittance Blueprint: Data-driven Intelligence for Sri Lanka

DGX agent

arXiv:2606.28190v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This study analyzes Sri Lankan migration and remittances over 32 years (1994-2025). Using a 384-month harmonized dataset, we apply exploratory data an

researcharxiv-cs-ai

29 Jun 2026

The Weakest Link Tells It All: Outcome-Supervised Process Reward Modeling via Learnable Credit Assignment

arXiv:2606.27739v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Process reward models (PRMs) enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by providing fine-grained feedback, yet training PRMs ty

Tutorials

Think tank games out how to respond to disaster scenarios in space warfare

A think tank conducted research examining how the Space Force should respond to space warfare scenarios, with experts envisioning various ways satellites and spacecraft might be used in gray-zone or w

tutorialsars-technica

Toward Robust In-Context Segmentation via Concept Guidance

arXiv:2606.28149v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In-context segmentation (ICS) requires a model to segment target regions in a query image using only a few reference images and their corresponding ma

Towards Reliable and Robust LLM Planning: Symbolic Feedback-Driven Iterative Self-Refinement Framework

arXiv:2606.27757v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have attracted widespread attention from academia and industry, yet their deployment raises critical security concerns rega

ToxiREX: A Dataset on Toxic REasoning in ConteXt

arXiv:2606.27981v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce a new, contextual, multilingual dataset called ToxiREX: Toxic REasoning in ConteXt. The dataset consists of threads of Reddit comments and

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Training-free Uncertainty Guidance for Complex Visual Tasks with MLLMs

arXiv:2510.00705v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) often struggle with fine-grained perception, such as identifying small objects in high-resolution images or

Unbiased Diffusion Variational Inversion via Principled Posterior Matching

arXiv:2605.25042v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Existing score-based methods for inverse problems often resort to approximate minimization of the KL divergence between the inversion distribution a

Understanding How MLLMs Describe Artworks Using Token Activation Maps

arXiv:2606.27947v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) describe artworks with remarkable fluency, yet the visual reasoning behind their outputs remains opaque. When a

Unleashing Infinite Motion: Scaling Expressive Quadrupedal Motion via Generative Video Priors

arXiv:2606.28237v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quadruped robots have achieved remarkable locomotion, yet their behavioral repertoire remains confined to a few gaits--far from the expressive, companio

researcharxiv-cs-ro

USAD: Uncertainty-aware Statistical Adversarial Detection

arXiv:2606.27832v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Statistical adversarial detection (SAD) treats detection as a two-sample test. Given a reference set of clean examples (CEs) and a batch of queries, pot

VGB for Masked Diffusion Model: Efficient Test-time Scaling for Reward Satisfaction and Sample Editing

arXiv:2606.28301v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Inference-time scaling is a promising paradigm to improve generative models, especially when outputs must satisfy structural constraints or optimize dow

Vision-Default, Prior-Override: Causal Mechanisms of Perception-Knowledge Conflict in Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2606.28273v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models must reconcile visual evidence with memorized world knowledge when the two conflict. How they resolve this conflict shapes the re

researcharxiv-cs-cl

WattLayer: Get Layers Right to Estimate Inference Energy of Neural Networks

arXiv:2606.27841v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The widespread adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to increasing concerns about energy consumption, yet there is a lack of standardized m

What Was That Again? Certified Robustness for Automatic Speech Recognition

arXiv:2606.27698v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automatic Speech Recognition systems are notoriously both sensitive to adversarial and benign perturbations. While this has been repeatedly demonstrat

Which Nash Equilibrium? Solver-Dependent Selection on Zero-Sum Nash Polytopes

arXiv:2606.28308v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Many two-player zero-sum games admit not a unique Nash equilibrium but a convex set of them: a polytope of profiles that all share the minimax value V

Latest open artifacts (#22): Zyphra, Cohere, and Poolside are expanding the breadth of the ecosystem

This article discusses recent open-source AI model releases and developments from three companies—Zyphra, Cohere, and Poolside—and their contributions to expanding the broader AI ecosystem. It likely

researchinterconnects

Applications

Nice example of the increasing benefits of open science and transparent methodologies when writing papers about AI.

applicationsethan-mollick--x

Nice example of the increasing benefits of open science and transparent methodologies when writing papers about AI. A big problem with research studies on AI models is that given how long the peer rev

Putin's cannon fodder: 'The average life expectancy of a new recruit—from arrival at a training ground to death in a combat zone—lies...betw…

Putin's cannon fodder: 'The average life expectancy of a new recruit—from arrival at a training ground to death in a combat zone—lies...between 10 days and 3 weeks. Once...sent onto the battlefield, R

researchyann-lecun--x

TechCrunch on Sakana Fugu and the broader conversation around frontier AI access in Asia. Our position remains that AI is best developed tog…

TechCrunch on Sakana Fugu and the broader conversation around frontier AI access in Asia. Our position remains that AI is best developed together rather than hoarded. Sakana AI will continue contribut

researchdavid-ha--x

To really move the needle in terms of innovation, like the era in Japan when you had companies like Sony or Panasonic come out, there are a …

To really move the needle in terms of innovation, like the era in Japan when you had companies like Sony or Panasonic come out, there are a few factors at play. One is that the nation needs to have a

researchdavid-ha--x

Fugu-Ultra is now available on Vercel AI Gateway https://vercel.com/changelog/sakana-fugu-ultra-now-available-on-ai-gateway ✨

Sakana AI's Fugu-Ultra model is now available through Vercel's AI Gateway, expanding access to this language model through Vercel's infrastructure. This integration allows developers to use Fugu-Ultra

researchdavid-ha--x

Link to the full article: https://magazine.sebastianraschka.com/p/using-local-coding-agents

researchsebastian-raschka--x

This article explores the implementation and use of local coding agents—AI systems designed to autonomously write, test, and debug code on local machines without relying on external APIs. The piece li

Loop engineering is just prompt engineering with great system design.

Loop engineering refers to an iterative approach to AI system design that combines prompt engineering with robust system architecture, emphasizing that effective AI applications depend equally on how

researchdair-ai--x

Only Art and Science raise humanity to the sublime. But the magic isn't in the output. It's in the process of creation and discovery, and th…

researchfrancois-chollet--x

François Chollet argues that art and science elevate humanity through the creative and discovery processes themselves, rather than through their final outputs or products. He emphasizes that the trans

The Trump administration claims that mass deportations will free millions of jobs for Americans by reducing foreigner competiton. In fact, i…

The Trump administration claims that mass deportations will free millions of jobs for Americans by reducing foreigner competiton. In fact, in the first nine months of 2025, ICE operations led to at le

researchyann-lecun--x

A Causal Foundation Model for Structure and Outcome Prediction

arXiv:2606.26467v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce TabPFN-CFM, a causal foundation model that can handle multiple causal problems. TabPFN-CFM predicts both causal structure and outcomes from

A General Framework for Learning Algebraic Properties from Cayley Graphs using Graph Neural Networks

arXiv:2606.26212v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A Graph Neural Network (GNN) framework for predicting the solvability of finite groups from their Cayley graph representations was introduced in [1]. In

A Generalization Theory for JEPA-Based World Models

arXiv:2606.27014v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPAs) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for world modeling by learning predictive dynamics in a l

A good chunk of Tokyo is also reclaimed from the bay, a process that continues to this day but has slowed down significantly (peak was in th…

researchfrancois-chollet--x

A good chunk of Tokyo is also reclaimed from the bay, a process that continues to this day but has slowed down significantly (peak was in the 1960s-1970s alongside other major infrastructure buildups)

A Latent ODE Approach to Spatiotemporal Modeling of Cine Cardiac MRI

arXiv:2606.26718v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) captures rich spatiotemporal information about ventricular structure and motion, but conventional risk models u

A multi-task spatiotemporal deep neural network for predicting penetration depth and morphology in laser welding

arXiv:2606.26260v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In laser penetration welding, the assessment of penetration state and weld seam morphology plays a crucial role in determining the weld quality. This

A System for Fast, Resilient, and Adaptable Loco-Manipulation Behaviors on Humanoid Robots

arXiv:2606.26425v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Humanoid robots could take on physically demanding, hazardous, and repetitive work in spaces built for humans. However, a useful robot for these spaces

researcharxiv-cs-ro

A UAV-Based Multispectral and RGB Dataset for Multi-Stage Paddy Crop Monitoring in Indian Agricultural Fields

arXiv:2601.01084v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present a large-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based RGB and multispectral image dataset collected over paddy fields in the Vijayawada regio

A3C3: AI Algorithm and Accelerator Co-design, Co-search, and Co-generation

arXiv:2606.20869v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present a holistic methodology for artificial intelligence algorithm and accelerator co-design, co-search, and co-generation (A3C3), which

Safety

AgentX: Towards Agent-Driven Self-Iteration of Industrial Recommender Systems

arXiv:2606.26859v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recommendation algorithm iteration is moving from an artisanal, engineer-bound process toward an industrialized research loop, but this transition remai

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

Anatomy-Guided Residual Motion Diffusion for Controllable 4D Cardiac MRI Synthesis

arXiv:2606.26764v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Developing robust artificial intelligence models for 4D (3D + time) medical imaging is constrained by limited annotated data, inter-device domain shif

Application of LLMs to Threat Assessment of Foreign Peacekeeping Missions

arXiv:2606.27106v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present a novel approach for applying Large Language Models (LLMs) to threat assessment in the context of foreign peacekeeping missions. Building o

Ask, Don't Judge: Binary Questions for Interpretable LLM Evaluation and Self-Improvement

arXiv:2606.27226v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating LLM outputs remains a major bottleneck in NLP: human evaluation is expensive and slow, lexical metrics correlate poorly with human judgments

Attention-Based Prototype Calibration for Multi-Rater Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation

arXiv:2606.16325v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Few-shot medical image segmentation methods typically assume a single ground-truth annotation, overlooking systematic variability across expert rate

Auditing Framing-Sensitive Behavioral Instability in Large Language Models for Mental Health Interactions

arXiv:2606.26982v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into mental health support tools and other psychologically sensitive conversational app

Axon: A Synthesizing Superoptimizer for Tensor Programs

arXiv:2606.26344v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Writing high performance kernels for AI accelerators requires deep expertise in tiling, instruction selection, data layout, and operator fusion placin

researcharxiv-cs-cl

Beyond Logical Forms: LLM-Extracted Patterns for Fallacy Classification

arXiv:2606.26698v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In today's fast-paced information era, logical fallacies, defined as defective patterns of reasoning, inevitably contribute to the growth of informati

Beyond Single-Source Cognitive Taskonomy:Multi-Source Task Relations through fMRI Transfer Learning

arXiv:2606.26279v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cognitive tasks are organized by shared and specialized neural processes. Masked fMRI reconstruction provides a common self-supervised objective for qua

Beyond the Hard Budget: Sparsity Regularizers for More Interpretable Top-k Sparse Autoencoders

arXiv:2606.27321v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have become a leading tool for interpreting the representations of vision foundation models, decomposing their polysemantic

Budget-Aware Keyboardless Interaction

arXiv:2606.26508v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Interacting with computers typically relies on traditional input devices such as keyboards, mice, and monitors, which can be cumbersome for users seek

Capacity-Controlled Multi-View Stylization of 3D Gaussian Splatting

arXiv:2606.26754v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) provides an efficient and explicit representation for novel view synthesis, enforcing stylistic coherence across view