From Dialogue to Execution: Mixture-of-Agents Assisted Interactive Planning for Behavior Tree-Based Long-Horizon Robot Execution

arXiv:2603.01113v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Interactive task planning with large language models (LLMs) lets robots generate high-level action plans from natural language, but over long horizons it asks many questions, and tabular plan representations become hard to manage. We propose a framework that integrates Mixture-of-Agents (MoA)-based proxy answering into interactive planning and generates Behavior Trees (BTs) for structured long-term execution. We formulate the MoA as an abstention-based delegation cascade: each expert agent answers only the questions entailed by its own prerequisite description, forwards the rest unchanged, and the human user acts as the terminal fallback. The question set is thus partitioned disjointly, so no answer fusion or arbitration is required while every question is still resolved. The BT represents task logic hierarchically and enables retry and dynamic switching among robot policies. Experiments on a cocktail-making task show that the method removes approximately 27% of the human responses while keeping the generated BTs within the baseline generator's own variance. Real-robot experiments on a smoothie-making task further demonstrate successful long-horizon execution with adaptive policy switching and recovery from action failures. We further analyze the failure modes of the framework and show that its applicability boundary is set by the reliability of the weakest action node rather than by the planner. These results indicate that MoA-assisted interactive planning improves dialogue efficiency while preserving execution quality in real-world robotic tasks.

Source: arXiv cs.RO | 2026-08-26