Language Carries the Expert's Impression: Instrument-Anchored LLM Judges Transfer Counseling-Quality Assessment and Beat In-Domain Training

arXiv:2610.08055v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automatic assessment of communication quality in dyadic counseling conversations is bottlenecked by data: expert-rated corpora are small and expensive to grow. We study cross-domain transfer of expert overall-impression prediction across three German corpora of simulated counseling (two general-practice medical, one school-related parent-teacher; n=195 expert-rated sessions, one corpus after scale equating). Training on the other domains beats training in-domain: leave-one-domain-out transfer reaches nested Spearman rho = 0.54 against le 0.48 within the target domain, a paired session-level gap of +0.15 that holds at +0.12 when the training-set sizes are matched, so it is not simply data volume. The decisive features are session-level construct scores from small open-weight LLMs reading the two-speaker transcript, with the constructs largely derived from the experts' rating instruments: the instrument-derived battery lifts a single judge from 0.32 to 0.41 over generic dialogue qualities, judges from three model families ensemble to 0.51 language-only, and a nonverbal-dyadic block adds +0.03 more, not separable from noise at this sample size. We also price the recording setup: one corpus lost its per-speaker audio, 16% of its diarised segments carry the wrong speaker, and repair is worth +0.07 there. At practically attainable corpus sizes, the expert's overall impression is carried by what is said, and by other communication programs' data more than by one's own.

Source: arXiv cs.CL | 2026-10-07

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