Latent-to-Latent Flow for Volumetric Stochastic Segmentation

arXiv:2609.07460v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Uncertainty arising from inter-observer variability in medical image segmentation plays an important role in developing treatment plans. Research in this area is inhibited by the lack of multiple annotations for large-scale medical datasets, especially for volumetric data, which suffers from additional scaling and computational complexity challenges. Flow matching has emerged as a powerful framework for generative modelling and has also been demonstrated to maintain strong performance when working with latent representations of images. In this work, we introduce a latent-to-latent flow technique for stochastic segmentation of medical volumes via encoded representations of both the image and label space. We evaluate our method on two challenging applications covering delineation uncertainty for radiotherapy planning and multiple organ structure segmentation, improving efficiency up to 14x compared with full resolution models while maintaining clinically relevant performance.

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• LatentFM: A Latent Flow Matching Approach for Generative Medical Image Segmentation
• Diffusion Model in Latent Space for Medical Image Segmentation Task
• MedFlowSeg: Flow Matching for Medical Image Segmentation with Frequency-Aware Attention

Source: arXiv cs.CV | 2026-09-09