Mitigating Barren Plateaus in Quantum Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model

arXiv:2512.06695v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Quantum generative models exploit quantum superposition and entanglement to enhance learning efficiency for both classical and quantum data. Recently, inspired by classical diffusion frameworks, the quantum denoising diffusion probabilistic model (QuDDPM) has emerged as a powerful tool for learning correlated noise models, many-body phases, and topological data structure. However, we demonstrate that QuDDPM's efficacy is currently restricted to small-scale systems (typically le 5 qubits). As the system size increases, a severe barren plateau (BP) problem emerges, fundamentally limiting the model's scalability. We provide rigorous theoretical proofs and experimental validation to identify the origin of this BP, distinct from previously known causes. To restore trainability, we introduce an architectureal enhancement that mitigates the BP and ensures training stability. Furthermore, we propose a conditional QuDDPM, capable of generating ground states based on Hamiltonian parameters, significantly expanding the utility of quantum generative models for complex quantum state preparation. Our approach not only restores the scalability and trainability bottlenecks of quantum diffusion models but also provides a robust tool for exploring complex quantum matter and state preparation in the NISQ era.

Related

• Quantum Machine Learning for Colorectal Cancer Data: Anastomotic Leak Classification and Risk Factors
• BezierFlow: Learning Bezier Stochastic Interpolant Schedulers for Few-Step Generation
• SMT-AD: a scalable quantum-inspired anomaly detection approach
• Learning Discrete Diffusion of Graphs via Free-Energy Gradient Flows

Source: arXiv cs.LG | 2026-04-16