Search: “safety”

RankBuffer: Efficient Ranking-Based Rewards for Open-Ended Generation

arXiv:2609.36652v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Open-ended generation lacks canonical answers, making pointwise rewards difficult to calibrate for group-based reinforcement learning. Directly ranking

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Rational Clarification by Assistive Agents via Value-of-Information Reasoning

DGX agent

arXiv:2609.37588v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Users of language-based assistive agents often make ambiguous requests. In response, an assistant can either directly act on its interpretation of the r

safetyarxiv-cs-ai

30 Sept 2026

RBF-GNN: Rational Basis Functions for Pseudo-Coordinate based Graph Convolutions

arXiv:2609.37015v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose RBF-GNN, a new pseudo-coordinate based graph neural network architecture that takes into account Euclidean, spherical or angular coordinates

Reactive Real-Time Flow Policies via Asynchronous Distribution Alignment

arXiv:2609.36540v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generalist robot policies such as vision-language-action models (VLAs) have achieved remarkable generalization, but their inference delays can conflict

Real2Gym: Building Gyms from Videos, Bringing Skills to Robots

arXiv:2609.37089v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Real-world videos provide rich demonstrations of manipulation, but turning them into reusable robot skills requires visually aligned environments, execu

ReF-HIL: Shaping the Critic around Human Action Neighborhoods for Efficient Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.37131v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Human-in-the-loop reinforcement learning (HIL-RL) offers a promising route to efficient training of robotic manipulation policies by combining autonomou

Regime Boundary Alignment for Evidence-Gated Question Answering

arXiv:2609.37491v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-augmented language models are expected to answer from the retrieved evidence, but in practice they often keep answering when that evidence i

Remember What You Did: Action-History Memory with Dual-Expert Denoising for Long-Horizon Vision-Language-Action Policies

arXiv:2609.37307v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language-action (VLA) models have driven rapid progress in robotic manipulation, demonstrating strong fine-grained control and promising performa

Representation by Design in Generation: Cross-View Class-Token Alignment in Diffusion Transformers

arXiv:2609.36348v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative and representation learning remain asymmetrically connected: semantic representations are used to improve diffusion generation, whereas the

Rethinking Representations for World-Action Modeling

arXiv:2609.38163v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: World-action models jointly learn robot policies and predict future observations, making the representation space an interface between control and predi

Retrieval Sensitivity to Identity Signals in Queries

arXiv:2609.36534v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dense retrievers decide which documents reach users and the language models that use them, yet they are typically evaluated with neutral queries. We ask

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

REVO: Rollout-Efficient Off-Policy Distillation via Variance-Guided Reuse

arXiv:2609.37500v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) trains language models using dense token-level teacher supervision on student-generated trajectories. However, its reliance

Reward-rate Policy Gradient for Efficient Machine Learning Engineering Agents

arXiv:2609.36393v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) techniques focus on maximizing expected cumulative reward, where each action assumes to take a constant unit o

Rho: A Foundation for Efficiently Adaptable VLA Models

arXiv:2609.38164v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: General-purpose physical AI models must combine broad visual and linguistic capabilities with precise control across robot embodiments and efficient ada

Risk-Averse Online POMDP Planning via CVaR of the Immediate Cost with Performance Guarantees

arXiv:2609.35874v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Online POMDP planners optimize the expected cumulative cost, which can mask dangerous states when the belief places significant mass on high-cost states

RL-PaO: Prediction as Action in Decision Making under Uncertainty

arXiv:2609.37065v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Decision-making under uncertainty often relies on predicted parameters, yet accurate prediction does not necessarily lead to good operational decisions.

RNA Design via Conditioned Flow Matching and Finite-Policy Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.36885v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: RNA design aims to identify sequences that fold into specified secondary structures. Existing methods formulate the task as target-specific search or

RS-OPSD: Reliable Privileged On-Policy-Self-Distillation for Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing VQA

arXiv:2609.38072v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Ultra-high-resolution (UHR) remote sensing visual question answering (VQA) requires models to resolve small visual evidence within extremely large image

Model Releases

Safer Content or Firmer Refusals? A Hybrid Perturbation Defense for Alignment under Harmful Fine-tuning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

arXiv:2609.36862v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Fine-tuning-as-a-service lets users adapt a safety-aligned language model to their own data, but it also creates a harmful fine-tuning attack surface:

SAKI: Maximal-Coupling-Routed Teacher Supervision for On-Policy Distillation

arXiv:2609.36601v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) reduces train-test state mismatch by training a student on its own generated trajectories, but weak students may visit teac

Salt++: Context-Aligned Post-Training for Few-Step Streaming Multimodal Generation

arXiv:2609.36995v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Few-step streaming audio--video generation requires both causal modeling and step distillation, yet standard training recipes face two context-related

Sample Complexity of Equivariant Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.36421v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful framework for robotic control, yet its practical application is often hindered by high sample complexity. Th

SCA: Spatial Credit Assignment for Reinforcement Learning of GUI Agents

arXiv:2609.36939v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: GUI agents automate tasks on digital devices by grounding language instructions in visual interfaces. Existing group-relative reinforcement learning imp

SCCM: Spherically Consistent Coarse Matching for ERP Dense Feature Correspondence

arXiv:2609.36545v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Equirectangular projection (ERP) is the standard representation for 360^irc imagery, and robust dense feature matching on ERP underpins panoramic stereo

Scene Retargeting: Learning Object Placement with Analogical Transfer

arXiv:2609.36801v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Interactive simulations of embodied AI or spatial computing applications build on realistic 3D scenes that support daily activities. However, sparse, ir

Scouting the Dynamics Gap: Test-Time Policy Adaptation via Action-Outcome Feedback

arXiv:2609.36107v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While pretrained robotic policies exhibit impressive capabilities in controlled environments, unobserved physical properties and dynamics require these

Seeing Is Not Addressing: Auditing Linguistic Access to Frozen Visual Geometry

arXiv:2609.37230v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Visual distinctions are often finer than those reflected in linguistic conceptualization. Vision-language models exhibit a similar asymmetry: a distinct

Seek Before You Move: Evidence Seeking for Progress Grounding in Vision-Language Navigation

arXiv:2609.37353v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) requires agents to continuously ground task progress from long-horizon instructions and partial egocentric observations

Seg3DParts: Segmentation-Grounded Controllable Part-Level 3D Generation

arXiv:2609.36918v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Part-level 3D assets are essential for editing, reassembly, and interaction, yet recovering such structure from a single image remains challenging due t

Self-Aligned Forcing: Streaming Video Diffusion with Differentiable Noisy History

arXiv:2609.38114v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autoregressive video diffusion enables interactive streaming generation, but suffers from error accumulation over long rollouts. Self-rollout training r

SERA: Scale-Equalized Rollout Allocation for Maximum Likelihood Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.36552v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Maximum Likelihood Reinforcement Learning (MaxRL) targets prompt-wise log-success and has shown strong performance on reasoning tasks. Under finite ro

Signatures of semantic search in the activations of large language models

arXiv:2609.35599v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: When recalling lists of concepts (e.g., animals) during the semantic fluency task (SFT), both humans and large language models (LLMs) organise their

Similar Choices, Different Attention: Cross-Modal Associations in Humans and Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2609.36475v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cross-modal associations are systematic pairings of features across modalities, such as the association of 'bouba' with round shapes and 'kiki' with s

Simultaneous Neural Optimal Transport

arXiv:2609.37424v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Optimal Transport (OT) provides a principled framework for learning transformations between probability distributions from unpaired samples. In many a

Single-turn emergency psychiatric triage across 15 frontier AI chatbots

arXiv:2604.25415v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: People increasingly turn to general-purpose AI chatbots for advice about emotional and mental health problems, but the ability of these system

SIPO: Unifying Reinforcement Learning with On-Policy Self-Distillation

arXiv:2609.36742v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a standard paradigm for improving large language models (LLMs) on various tasks, yet it

Skill-Space Shooting for Autonomous Robot Policy Improvement

arXiv:2609.38178v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Robots deployed in the physical world must be able to improve beyond their initial training as they encounter new situations and failures. For this im

Solving Without Stopping: On-Policy Distillation at Small Scale

arXiv:2609.37326v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation, where a student learns from a stronger teacher's feedback on its own outputs, is a common way to pass reasoning to smaller model

Sparse-View Interpretable 3D Animal Behavior Representations for Neural Encoding and Decoding

arXiv:2609.36217v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A deeper understanding of brain function requires a precise, structured characterization of behavior.Yet, extracting behavioral representations from vid

Staircase Policy: Streaming Inference for World-Action Models with Large Action Chunks

arXiv:2609.36471v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: World-Action Models (WAMs) improve robotic manipulation by conditioning action generation on predicted future observations, but future prediction adds

STAR-GRPO: Canonical Anchoring and Reliability-First Advantages against Representation-Dependent Reward Hacking

arXiv:2609.36900v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reward hacking occurs when policy optimization exploits a brittle reward interface or an overly permissive proxy objective, improving the training score

State Trace Rationale As Auxiliary Task in Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.36867v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose STRAT, an auxiliary task that trains deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents to predict a short textual trace of their own state. Inspired by

STRIDE: Automated Evaluation of Text-to-Trajectory Alignment across Diverse Contexts

arXiv:2609.34799v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Language-conditioned trajectory generation is here, but its evaluation has not kept pace. Existing pedestrian trajectory metrics compare trajectorie

Tail-Influence Sampling for CVaR Policy Evaluation

arXiv:2609.38096v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Policies with similar mean returns can differ sharply in rare failures, yet estimating lower-tail conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) accurately can requir

Technical note on: Zero-Training Feature-Space Alignment via Information Geometry

arXiv:2609.37302v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep vision models often degrade under distribution shift. Test-time adaptation can improve robustness but typically requires iterative optimization, hy

The Geometry of Inference in Transformer Residual Streams

arXiv:2609.37824v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transformer language models build predictions through successive residual updates, but how their representations become specific to an eventual outcome

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

The Layer Mystery of VLA: An Information-Theoretical Analysis of VLA Latent Interface

arXiv:2609.36118v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language-action (VLA) policies connect a pretrained vision-language backbone to an action head through a latent interface, but which backbone lay

The Rashomon Wikipedia: A Data-Perspectivist Analysis of Divergent Historical Narratives

arXiv:2609.37498v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Wikipedia aims to provide a unified, neutral record of history, yet its independent language editions often function as distinct epistemic communities,

safetyarxiv-cs-cl