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Methodological Changes to the Attention ResUNet Hourly Precipitation Postprocessor

arXiv:2609.38609v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This note is a technical companion to a previously published preprint describing an Attention Residual U-Net that postprocesses deterministic forecast

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Minimax Additive Regression under Unknown Dependent Designs

DGX agent

arXiv:2609.39212v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study additive regression under a potentially non-product random design on [0,1]^d, allowing the dimension d to grow with the sample size n. We int

researcharxiv-cs-lg

1 Oct 2026

Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models via False Discovery Controlled Visual Data Splitting

arXiv:2609.38979v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multiple object hallucination, where large vision-language models (LVLMs) generate objects not supported by the visual input, is a persistent challenge

ModalFidelity: Routing Modalities for Deepfake Detection on a Budget

arXiv:2609.38246v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deepfakes no longer need to fake a whole video. Generators that read the transcript now alter only the few seconds in which a video's meaning turns, s

Multidimensional Observer Model and Perceptual Dimensions of Human Image Quality Assessment

arXiv:2609.38487v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Judging image quality is not only ecologically relevant to everyday human tasks, but also underpins many machine vision tasks such as image generation.

Mutual Equilibrium: Multimodal Representation Learning through Reciprocal Feedback

arXiv:2609.39456v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This work proposes a mutual feedback architecture, MEQ, that refines the two inputs, of possibly different modalities, into a pair of coupled embeddin

NeurDuo-EEG: A Long-Sequence EEG Foundation Model with Persistent State and Explicit Memory

arXiv:2609.38587v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Electroencephalography (EEG) is recorded continuously over hours, with relevant dynamics spanning timescales from milliseconds to hours. Most EEG founda

NinaXander: Feasibility and Limits of Composing Frozen Language Models Across Architecture Families via a Shared Latent Space

arXiv:2609.38261v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In this paper we propose NinaXander, a series of composed language models obtained by connecting layers of frozen language models from different archi

OccluDex: Hierarchical 3D Visuo-Tactile Representation Learning for Egocentric Dexterous Manipulation under Self-Occlusion

arXiv:2609.39017v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reliable dexterous manipulation requires continuous estimation of object geometry and hand-object contact throughout interaction. With egocentric sensin

OctoNest: Adaptive Cross-Device Execution through Stateful Control

arXiv:2606.20487v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Computer use agents are expanding from single-device operation toward cross-device systems that coordinate tasks across heterogeneous environments.

On the Complexity of Preference-Based Bandits

arXiv:2609.39351v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study preference-based bandits with general reward function classes, where a learner sequentially selects pairs of arms and observes binary preferenc

On the (Generative) Linear Sketching Problem

arXiv:2603.14474v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Sketch techniques have been extensively studied in recent years and are especially well-suited to data streaming scenarios, where the sketch summary

On the (In)effectiveness of AMR Augmentation for Large Language Models

arXiv:2609.40121v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) has historically improved performance on a range of NLP tasks, the benefit---or lack thereof---of AMR augm

Out-of-Distribution Detection using Counterfactual Distance

arXiv:2508.10148v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Accurate and explainable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is required to use machine learning systems safely. Previous work has shown that

Overconfidence and Calibration in Medical VQA: Empirical Findings and Hallucination-Aware Mitigation

arXiv:2604.02543v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in clinical decision support, more than accuracy is required: knowing when to trust their

Overview of BioASQ 2026: The fourteenth BioASQ Challenge on Large-Scale Biomedical Semantic Indexing and Question Answering

arXiv:2609.39975v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the fourteenth edition of the BioASQ challenge, organized in the context of the Conference and Labs of the Evaluati

Parameterization method of reservoir properties for ensemble-based data assimilation using intermediate latent space of StyleGAN

arXiv:2609.39626v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Ensemble smoothers are the most successful and efficient techniques currently available for history matching. However, because these methods rely on G

PatchKV: Weight-Space Compensation of KV Cache

arXiv:2609.39329v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-context inference with Large Language Models (LLMs) is bottlenecked by the linearly growing memory of the key-value (KV) cache. Existing compressio

Path-Following Control and Terramechanics Analysis for Planetary Rovers Under Wheel-to-Wheel Traction Asymmetry

arXiv:2609.38715v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper proposes a control strategy for path following that is model-free and relies solely on deceleration for skid-steering planetary rovers naviga

Patient-Centered Treatment Planning for Chronic Multimorbidity: A Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Framework for Preference Modeling

arXiv:2609.39911v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Patient preference, defined as a patient's demonstrated willingness and capacity to adhere to clinical recommendations, is a primary determinant of ther

PEG-Tab: Sampling-Time Record Repair and Release Control for Tabular Synthesis

arXiv:2609.39630v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pretrained tabular generators can reproduce training records even when aggregate utility remains high. When retraining is unavailable or too costly, sam

Perceptual Color Difference Modeling Using Machine Learning and Human Similarity Judgments

arXiv:2609.39130v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate assessment of color differences is essential for applications ranging from digital design to quality control. While existing color difference m

Persistent Context Graphs for Efficient Memory Compaction in LLM Agents

arXiv:2609.40118v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As LLM capabilities advance, agents are tackling increasingly complex tasks over longer horizons. Their growing interaction histories make memory compac

Persistent Watermarking of Text-to-Image Models

arXiv:2609.39024v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text-to-image (T2I) generation is gaining increasing popularity with the general public, motivating the development of reliable mechanisms for copyright

Personalized State-Transition-Aware Memory for Clinical Agents

arXiv:2609.38490v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents that reason over clinical records must track changes in a patient's state while preserving the history needed to und

PhyProbe: Rethinking Physical Consistency Evaluation in Generated Videos

arXiv:2609.38377v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating the physical consistency of generated videos remains a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches rely on off-the-shelf vision-language model

PINNing the pion: conformal deep learning for F_pi(s) and the (g-2)_mu hadronic contribution

arXiv:2609.40008v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Extracting the pion electromagnetic form factor F_{pi}(s) through phenomenological curve-fitting models introduces model dependence, unphysical artefa

PixelUMM: Encoder-Free Unified Image and Video Understanding and Generation

arXiv:2609.38597v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) often rely on separate visual representations for understanding and generation, increasing visual context length and co

Prequential E-Values for Selected-GP Near-Optimality Certificates

arXiv:2609.39123v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When optimizing an expensive black-box function sequentially, as in hyperparameter optimization, we may want to stop once the best evaluated value is ce

PRICE the Action Chunks: Physical Relational Credit Assignment for Embodied Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.38890v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Outcome-based reinforcement learning (RL) post-trains vision--language--action policies using terminal success signals, but assigns the same trajectory-

Principal Component Regression Dominates all Monotone Spectral Filters for Linear Regression

arXiv:2609.39440v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We compare the instance-wise, finite-sample risks of monotone spectral filters for linear regression, a broad class of estimators including principal

Privacy in Personalized AI Is a System Property, Not Just a Model Property

arXiv:2609.38289v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In personalized AI applications, such as conversational assistants and recommender systems, users interact not with models in isolation but with broad

Probabilistic Adversarial Training

arXiv:2609.39798v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Building on a probabilistic perspective in which adversarial examples arise from the overlap between a distance-based distribution p_{dis} and a victi

Prompt2Skill: Unsupervised Skill Optimization From Natural Language Instructions

arXiv:2609.38593v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Skills are external artifacts that Large Language Models (LLMs) consume at inference time to improve their performance on specialized domains by incor

Provable Benefit of SignGD: A Minimal Model Under Heavy-Tailed Class Imbalance

arXiv:2512.00763v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Adaptive and non-Euclidean optimizers often outperform Euclidean methods such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in language modeling by a l

Provable Test-Time Scaling for Beam Search in LLM Reasoning

arXiv:2609.38672v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Beam-search-based test-time methods provide an effective way to improve large language model (LLM) performance on long-horizon generation by pruning i

Provably Tractable NFA-Constrained Language Generation via HMMs

arXiv:2609.40185v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Constrained generation aims to sample from language models (LMs) conditioned on hard constraints. Existing constrained-generation techniques for nondete

RAGScope: A Leakage-Controlled, Cost-Aware Evidence-Gating Protocol for RAG Hallucination Triage

arXiv:2609.39075v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems need inexpensive ways to route generated answers: accept low-risk outputs, review uncertain ones, and res

Ranking-Aware Prompt Optimization for Multimodal Clinical Diagnosis

arXiv:2609.40361v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are rapidly advancing clinical diagnosis, yet their adaptation pipelines remain anchored to accuracy-based ob

RATIO: Reasoning Analysis and Token-level Inference Optimization for Quantized Reasoning Models

arXiv:2609.39801v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become a widely adopted technique for reducing the memory footprint and inference cost of large language models (LL

Raw Imagery Impacting Your AI: Should You Care?

arXiv:2609.38265v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Onboard AI is gaining interest for space applications such as vessel, wildfire, and cloud detection, where real-time processing can improve mission re

Raw-Routed Mixture of Adapters: A Causal Intervention for Routing Collapse in Time Series Foundation Models

arXiv:2609.39445v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Time series foundation models (TSFMs) commonly adapt to new data by attaching a single trainable head to a frozen backbone, a one-size-fits-all setup th

Reach Into The CHOIR: Free-List Elicitation Uncovers Distinct Model Voices in LLM Ensembles

arXiv:2609.38448v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Open-ended LLM homogeneity can create false plurality when several systems appear to offer independent perspectives while returning the same familiar de

Reconstruction of cosmic-ray direction and energy in radio arrays using deep ensemble graph neural networks

arXiv:2602.23321v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Using advanced machine learning techniques, we developed a method to reconstruct the arrival direction and energy of ultra-high-energy cosmic

Reinforcing Multimodal Reasoning via Token-Level Perception-Grounded Advantage Estimation

arXiv:2609.39168v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has improved the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet existing

Reliability-Aware Checkpoint Selection for Domain Generalization

arXiv:2609.39934v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Checkpoint selection in domain generalization often relies on source-validation accuracy, yet the selected checkpoint need not provide reliable probab

Replay on Demand: An Emergent Curriculum for Balancing Adaptation and Forgetting in Continued Pretraining

arXiv:2609.40089v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continued pretraining enables language models to adapt to new domains and knowledge, but often at the cost of forgetting previously acquired capabilitie

Residual Wrench Certification and Margin-Aware Control Synthesis for Aerial Physical Interaction

arXiv:2609.38707v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We develop a task-relative framework for certifying residual wrench authority after hover and contact loading in multirotors with bounded actuators. Usi