Search: “science”

Rethinking Privileged Information in On-Policy Self-Distillation

arXiv:2608.18271v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) trains a student on its own responses using token-level supervision from the same model conditioned on privileged ref

safetyarxiv-cs-lg

20 Aug 2026

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SPADE: Self-Play in Adaptive Synthetic Executable Environments

DGX agent

arXiv:2608.19197v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Continuous self-improvement requires an ever-expanding pool of self-generated, diverse, adaptive goals. For language agents, existing training environ

model-releasesarxiv-cs-ai

20 Aug 2026

Effects of Answer Format Variation on Gender Bias in Large Language Models

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2608.17516v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Gender bias or other social biases in large language models (LLMs) are frequently evaluated with question answering or survey benchmarks where the LLM n

Iterative tensor network transformations for element-wise evaluation of elementary and filtering functions

arXiv:2608.17135v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tensor networks are powerful formats for compressing large-scale data. However, their application to general data processing has been limited by the d

Large Language Models: A Mathematical Formulation

arXiv:2601.22170v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) process and predict sequences containing text to answer questions, and address tasks including document summariza

researcharxiv-cs-lg

The IOL-AI Challenge: An Open Challenge towards Advancing Linguistic Reasoning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2608.18011v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reasoning in LLMs is overwhelmingly studied in domains that provide a model with rules: mathematics and code. Linguistic puzzles invert this: the solver

What If AI Carried Her Imagination? Black Girls as Creators in an AI Storytelling Weekend Program

arXiv:2608.16896v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper presents the design and outcomes of a seven-weekend AI storytelling program developed for Black girls aged 10-12. Grounded in Afrofuturism

When to Review: Spaced Repetition for Continual Pre-Training of Language Models

arXiv:2608.17530v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continual pre-training of large language models must acquire new information without erasing old knowledge. Existing replay methods often choose a globa

Applications

WIP: LLM Odyssey: A Game-Based Platform for Teaching LLM Engineering Concepts

arXiv:2608.16924v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This work-in-progress (WIP) innovative practice category paper presents LLM Odyssey, an open source, browser-based serious gaming platform comprising

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Applications

A Network-driven Framework for Public Event Forecasting via Dynamic Interaction Network Evolution

arXiv:2608.15488v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Effective public event forecasting is essential for intelligent service systems, enabling proactive risk management, adaptive resource allocation, and t

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Hardware

AlloEgo-VLM: Disambiguating Allocentric and Egocentric Reference Frames in Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2608.15605v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study investigates the challenge of ambiguity faced by Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in understanding spatial semantics. Spatial cognition, shaped

hardwarearxiv-cs-cv

Applications

Assessing LLMs' mathematical abilities requires understanding the various mechanisms of mathematical creativity

arXiv:2608.16118v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: How should we assess whether large language models can perform mathematical invention? I argue that this question is currently underspecified: mathemati

applicationsarxiv-cs-ai

Empowering Polymeric Materials Discovery by Artificial Intelligence

arXiv:2606.20753v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Polymeric materials underpin modern technologies spanning energy storage, microelectronics, healthcare and sustainable manufacturing. Yet thei

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

How Do Agents Fail on AutoResearch: End-to-End Diagnostic Evaluation on 100 Real-World Frontier Research Tasks

arXiv:2608.14905v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI has long assisted scientific research, but the rapid advance of LLMs and agentic scaffolds is reshaping the landscape; a single system can now carry

agentsarxiv-cs-cl

Large Language Models as Implicit Sociological Models: Reconstructing Voting Behaviour from Sociodemographic Profiles

arXiv:2608.15871v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) trained on large-scale internet corpora encode extensive statistical regularities about social identities, attitudes, and

researcharxiv-cs-cl

LLMs as a Jury: Cross-Model Consensus Can Outperform Process Reward Models for LLM Reasoning

arXiv:2607.10139v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Selecting the correct answer from a pool of candidate reasoning chains is the engine of test-time scaling, yet the standard selectors each car

LLMs Can Predict Failure Risk, But Struggle to Predict Which Collaboration Protocol Pays Off: Cost-Aware Protocol Routing Across Reasoning Tasks

arXiv:2608.14927v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems can improve reasoning by spending more computation, but deployment requires deciding when extra collabora

MicroVerse: An Instrument for Measuring Self-Authored Identity Drift in Long-Horizon Multi-Agent Language-Model Simulations

arXiv:2608.15844v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-horizon, multi-agent language model (LM) simulations are widely proposed for studying social behavior, yet instruments to measure whether persona-c

safetyarxiv-cs-cl

Position: AI Agents in Scientific Teams Should Be Studied as Human-Agent Systems

arXiv:2608.14667v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model-based agents are increasingly deployed as collaborators in scientific discovery yet most current work focuses on the autonomous cap

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

Process-Constituted Intelligence: A Shared Criterion for Humans and Machines

arXiv:2608.16213v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Intelligence is constituted by extit{process} (iterative activity through which output emerges), not in the output itself. Generative AI (GenAI) is trai

Software Engineering for AI-driven Building Operation

arXiv:2608.16237v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Building operations are energy-inefficient. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven control systems promise benefits through optimization and predictive c

An Interactive, Automated 4D-STEM data acquisition and analysis routine for Scanning Electron Nanobeam Diffraction and Ptychography experiments

arXiv:2608.13752v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern transmission electron microscopes are versatile instruments which have become indispensable tools for understanding structure and chemical comp

safetyarxiv-cs-cv

CarbonBench: A Global Benchmark for Upscaling of Carbon Fluxes Using Zero-Shot Learning

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2603.09868v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurately quantifying terrestrial carbon exchange is essential for climate policy and carbon accounting, yet models must generalize to ecosystems u

Contrastive Learning for Interpretable Anomaly Detection at Collider Experiments

arXiv:2608.13652v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generic event-level anomaly detection for collider physics has two recurring problems: anomaly scores are hard to interpret, and they correlate strongly

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Early Stopping for Large Reasoning Models via Confidence Dynamics

arXiv:2604.04930v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large reasoning models rely on long chain-of-thought generation to solve complex problems, but extended reasoning often incurs substantial com

MemoryLake on MemoryArena: A Matched Study of Agent Memory Backends

arXiv:2608.13883v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Most agent-memory benchmarks test post-hoc recall, whereas MemoryArena evaluates whether memory supports interdependent, multi-session task completion.

SimpleOPD: Simple Tokenizer-Agnostic On-Policy Distillation for Long-Context Reasoning

arXiv:2608.14277v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) offers a promising way to transfer reasoning capabilities from stronger teacher models, but applying it to long-context r

Why we need an AI-resilient society

arXiv:1912.08786v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Three generations of software have transformed the role of artificial intelligence in society. In the first, programmers wrote explicit logic.

Wrong but Useful: Trajectory Value Beyond Answer Correctness in Multi-Agent Messages

arXiv:2608.14375v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-agent reasoning systems often use agreement, confidence, or automated scores to decide which messages should shape a final answer. Such filtering

Wyvern: An Agentic Framework for Generating Grounded Multimodal Reports

arXiv:2608.14446v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In the current artificial intelligence-driven innovation era, the pace of knowledge growth is accelerating, and is hard to keep up with. While generativ

agentsarxiv-cs-ai

A Browser-Native Digital Test Range for Benchmarking 4D Ocean-Glider Planning Algorithms

arXiv:2608.13511v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Repeated in-situ evaluation of ocean-glider planners requires scarce vehicles, operators, deployment and recovery resources, and ocean conditions that c

safetyarxiv-cs-ro

Beyond Local Accuracy: A Protocol-Level Identifiability Audit for Controlled LLM Reasoning Evaluation

model-releasesarxiv-cs-cl

arXiv:2608.13326v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM benchmark scores can be precise even when the observation protocol does not identify the behavioral property they are intended to measure. In a cont

CityRiSE: Reasoning Urban Socio-Economic Status in Large Vision-Language Models via Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2510.22282v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Urban socio-economic sensing plays a vital role in advancing global sustainable development goals. With the advent of Large Vision-Language Mo

Designing AI Pipelines for Decision-Ready ITSM Intelligence

arXiv:2608.12670v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: IT service management (ITSM) systems accumulate large volumes of heterogeneous ticket data that are difficult for sales and executive stakeholders to co

Keep, Customize, or Exit: Default Design and Token Pricing in LLM Reasoning Services

arXiv:2608.13315v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study a large language model (LLM) service in which a provider chooses a per-token price and a default reasoning-token allocation, while a user may

LigBench: A Unified and Human-Aligned Benchmark for LLM-based Research Idea Generation

arXiv:2608.13136v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), research idea generation has attracted increasing attention. Existing approaches enable LL

Local Ai

MARC v1: An Open-Source Multi-Agent Framework for Clinical AI Reasoning and Coordination

arXiv:2608.13476v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present Multi-Agent Reasoning and Coordination (MARC), an open-source framework that replaces monolithic LLM prompting with deterministic multi-agent

local-aiarxiv-cs-ai

On the Expressive Power of Transformers

arXiv:2608.12671v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-layer transformers form the critical component of essentially all large language models (LLMs) in use today. Because of their ubiquity and computa

Training AI Scientists to Replicate Research

arXiv:2608.13331v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The replicability of papers is a cornerstone of scientific knowledge, ensuring the reliability of existing results and providing a base for further ex

Agent Safety Should Be a Runtime Contract

arXiv:2608.11274v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The dominant paradigm treats AI safety as a property to be instilled during model training via RLHF, DPO, or Constitutional AI. We argue this is struc

An Agentic Workflow for Legacy HPC Modernization: Converting the Two-Electron-Integral Core of GAMESS

arXiv:2608.12249v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modernizing legacy Fortran is a problem of volume: the transformations are individually routine, but the codebases can be enormous, and across much of c

Basin: Efficient and Extensible Numerical Optimization in Rust

arXiv:2608.11279v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Basin is a numerical optimization library for the Rust programming language. Numerical optimization is the task of finding the inputs that minimize a fu

researcharxiv-cs-lg

Explainability in Practice: A Survey of Explainable NLP Across Various Domains

arXiv:2502.00837v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Natural Language Processing (NLP) is now embedded in critical sectors including healthcare, finance, and customer relationship management, whe

Harnessing agent memory to build lifelong AI partners for materials scientists

arXiv:2608.11224v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Materials research advances through accumulated experience - scripts that work, protocols that are trusted, warnings attached to failed calculations or

RECAST: A Machine-Learning Framework for Correction and Super-Resolution of Coarse-Grid PDE Solvers

model-releasesarxiv-cs-lg

arXiv:2608.11572v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Coarse-grid numerical solvers can substantially reduce the computational cost of time-dependent PDE simulation, but under-resolution often degrades both

Rubric Dropout: A Simple Way to Mitigate Reward Hacking in Rubric-as-Reward RL

arXiv:2608.11669v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning against rubrics, lists of criteria graded by an LLM judge, has become a standard way to post-train language models on tasks wit

Small Data Explainer -- The impact of small data methods in everyday life

arXiv:2507.11773v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The emergence of breakthrough artificial intelligence (AI) techniques has led to a renewed focus on how small data settings, i.e., settings wi

AIFS-TC: A simple correction competitive with the operational frontier for tropical cyclone intensity forecasting